Don’t take our word for it. Here’s every fact on this site, with its evidence grade, its caveats, and a link to the source, so you can check us.
We start you on the strong ones: findings that have been replicated or come from one large, well-controlled study. Moderate and weak facts are here too, labeled for what they are. Use “Link to this fact” to share a single card.
What you can do / Measured in people or real products
Because this study's own route argument points to prenatal (placental) transfer, not breastfeeding, as the main way synthetic musk fragrance chemicals reach a baby, choosing fragrance-free personal-care and laundry products during pregnancy specifically, not only while breastfeeding, is a plausible way to reduce an infant's earliest musk exposure.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Inferred from pharmacokinetics (musks' short half-life) and matrix comparisons, not from measured product use or from an intervention study; no study has tested whether reducing a mother's product use lowers her infant's cord-blood or milk musk levels.
What you can do / Measured in people or real products
Because fragrance musk exposure has been linked to personal-care and laundry product use in other studies, choosing fragrance-free cosmetics and laundry products during pregnancy and breastfeeding is a plausible way to reduce a baby's prenatal and infant musk exposure.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
This paper collected no personal-care-product-use data itself; the action is inferred from sibling studies (Hutter 2009, Lignell 2008) that did test product use, not from this paper's own data.
Source: Zhang 2015, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health Link to this fact
What you can do / Measured in people or real products
People who want to reduce systemic absorption of chemical UV filters while FDA's requested toxicology studies remain outstanding can choose mineral sunscreens (zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, the only two actives FDA has found generally recognized as safe and effective) or rely more on sun-protective clothing and shade.
Weak evidence: This is a risk-reduction option, not advice to avoid sun protection; the paper explicitly says its findings do not mean people should stop using sunscreen.
Source: Matta 2020, JAMA Link to this fact
What you can do / Measured in people or real products
This pilot study's biomarker evidence adds modest support to choosing unscented, minimal-ingredient menstrual products generally, consistent with the stronger product-content evidence from this group's earlier FHP survey, but does not show a cycle-wide VOC exposure spike during menstruation.
Weak evidence: Based on a small, non-generalizable pilot cohort (n=25, university-affiliated women); not a strong independent basis for action on its own.
Source: Ding 2022, Journal of Women's Health Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Favoring fragrance-light wash and moisturizer formulations, and avoiding heavy or frequent use, may reduce modeled n-nonane and benzene exposure from feminine hygiene products the most, based on a toxicokinetic model's risk ranking.
Weak evidence: This is a modeled, not measured or tested, recommendation; the same model found most VOCs' total exposure is dominated by indoor air, not product choice.
Source: Lin 2025, Environmental Health Perspectives Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
People rated real scents (lavender 4.5, neroli 4.3 out of 7) as more mood-changing than a placebo scent (3.0), even though the scent did not change their measured heart rate or mood, so a scent seeming to work is not evidence that the chemical is doing it.
Weak evidence: Single small study; perceived effectiveness is self-report and the authors' interpretation (attribution to odor presence) is theirs.
Source: Campenni 2004, Psychological Reports Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Everyone in the study, regardless of scent or suggestion, reported feeling less tense, depressed, fatigued, and confused after an hour in the lab (Total Mood disturbance 20.8 to 14.0), so simply resting in a quiet room can lift mood and be credited to a scent.
Weak evidence: No no-room or no-session control; improvement over time could reflect settling in, regression or study demand.
Source: Campenni 2004, Psychological Reports Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Salon-side measures the authors recommend to cut hairdressers' hair-dye skin exposure: single-use disposable gloves put on before mixing the dye, cutting hair before dyeing rather than after, changing work-surface coverings, and cleaning phones, hair dryers, scissors, and combs often.
Weak evidence: Recommendations are the authors' judgment; the study did not test whether these changes lower exposure.
Source: Lind et al. 2005, The Annals of Occupational Hygiene Link to this fact
What you can do / Measured in people or real products
The same ingredient name, linalool, can stand for two molecular forms that this study found had opposite effects on heart rate, so the word on a label does not tell you what a product would do.
Weak evidence: One study of seven analyzed subjects; label rarely states the form; effect in water solution, not products.
Source: Kuroda et al. 2005, European Journal of Applied Physiology Industry-funded Link to this fact
What you can do / Measured in people or real products
Parabens turned up in the breast tissue of 7 women who said they had never used underarm deodorant or antiperspirant, so underarm products are not the only way parabens get into the breast.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Only 7 never-users, self-reported lifetime use, older than the users, and no data on other personal care products (lotions, creams) that also contain parabens, so the real source is unknown.
Source: [[src-2012-measurement-paraben-concentrations-breast-tissue-serial-locations|Barr 2012]], Journal of Applied Toxicology Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Switching from a biocide floor cleaner to a plain detergent produced a substantial improvement in a pharmacist's work-related asthma on serial peak-flow monitoring, and symptoms stayed much better on return to work.
Weak evidence: One case; symptoms re-emerged mildly one year later with histamine reactivity falling back to 4 µmol, so substitution improved but did not fully end the problem.
What you can do / Other evidence
In this pilot, storing five dry-cleaned garments gave about 4 times the bedroom PCE of two garments in the poorly ventilated room, so keeping fewer freshly cleaned items in a closed bedroom closet lowers the air level.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Authors' own estimate for one site; test order and carpet carryover are confounded with clothing quantity; effect smaller at the ventilated sites (and no rise at Site A with bags on).
Source: Chao 1998, Building and Environment Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Brand's data show pressing removes most residual solvent but not all: airing newly dry-cleaned clothes before storing them indoors is supported by the half-lives it cites for PCE in acetate (24-77 h), not by its own measurements.
Weak evidence: The paper measured no air and tested no airing; the half-lives are from other studies.
Source: Brand 1999, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Link to this fact
What you can do / Review of other studies
People who get burning, dryness, or irritation from a corticosteroid nasal spray can ask their prescriber about a BKC-free formulation, as this 2000 review suggested.
Weak evidence: An expert's suggestion from a narrative review, not a tested intervention; people should not stop prescribed sprays on their own.
Source: Bernstein 2000, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If a nasal spray burns, dries or irritates the nose, ask a pharmacist, or clinician whether a preservative-free or BKC-free version of the same drug exists, as this review suggests as a reasonable precaution.
Weak evidence: Precaution under uncertainty, not proof of harm; both reviewers rely on partly the same studies.
Source: Graf 2001, Respiratory Medicine Industry-funded Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If you have damaged hand skin from wet work, frequent hand washing, or hand eczema, take extra care with fragranced hand products: the London authors suggest that impaired hand skin barrier may make fragrance sensitization more likely.
Weak evidence: Mechanism is proposed in the discussion and not tested; the study shows an association of age and occupation with positive tests only.
Source: Buckley 2003, British Journal of Dermatology Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
In 81.4% of confirmed cases the rash was judged due to current clothing exposure, and it typically cleared in about 20 days after stopping the incriminated garment.
Weak evidence: Relevance judged clinically by resolution after avoidance, no blinded rechallenge; recovery time is a mean from one clinic.
Source: Lazarov 2004, JEADV Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If clothing smells of lemon or other scent that persists, it may be an aroma finish; in this study the scent was lost in one to two washes, so washing new garments removes the scent, although the paper found microcapsules still on the fibers afterward.
Weak evidence: Inference from one lab prototype (ISO wash, 40 C); commercial finishes cited in the paper claim 8-25 wash survival and were not tested.
Source: Miró Specos 2010, Journal of Industrial Textiles Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
People who are patch-test allergic to isoeugenol or HICC (Lyral) and have active eczema should avoid strong, continuous airborne exposure to products containing them; the authors advise avoiding inhalation of higher doses of potent contact allergens they are sensitized to.
Weak evidence: Advice from one small study; flares occurred only at the high dose.
Source: Schnuch 2010, British Journal of Dermatology Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If you have unexplained eczema from moisturizers, shampoos, or makeup, ask about patch testing for preservatives, and check labels for imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM hydantoin, quaternium-15, bronopol, and sodium hydroxymethylglycinate.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Advice inferred from the review's data, not tested in it; allergic people differ in which releasers they react to (only about 40% of formaldehyde-allergic patients react to quaternium-15).
What you can do / Other evidence
73.7% of the odor-triggered women (28/38) said they usually avoid situations with the triggering smells to avoid attacks.
Weak evidence: Self-report; shows coping behavior, not that avoidance prevents attacks.
Source: Sjöstrand 2010, Curr Pain Headache Rep, Current Pain and Headache Reports Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Because dry-cleaned wool and polyester hold solvent that slowly evaporates, airing newly cleaned clothes in a ventilated space before closet storage is reasonable, or choose a PCE-free cleaner (confirm the solvent with the shop).
Weak evidence: Airing time is not tested against any health threshold; the paper measured residue and loss rate, not exposure, and its closet and car ppm values are worst-case scenarios.
Source: Sherlach 2011, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Nearly half of the workers whose challenge was negative (13 of 27, 48%) had no airway hyperresponsiveness at all, even though they had work-related breathing symptoms, so objective testing helps tell true asthma from symptoms without it.
Weak evidence: Nine of the 13 were on inhaled corticosteroids, which can mask hyperresponsiveness; one center, small numbers.
What you can do / Other evidence
Because several dyes are mixed even for light colors and tights carry them, the reviewers say the best advice for dye-allergic people is to wear non-synthetic fibers, not just to avoid dark clothes.
Weak evidence: Expert opinion; no trial of fiber switching.
Source: Malinauskiene 2013, Contact Dermatitis Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If you want to know whether FDA reviewed a food ingredient's safety, check FDA's GRAS notice inventory for the ingredient; 'GRAS' on its own can mean a company or industry panel decided and FDA was never told.
Weak evidence: Practical inference from the program's structure; many ingredients have notices with FDA 'no questions' letters, which is still not an FDA approval.
Source: Maffini 2013, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety Link to this fact
What you can do / Measured in people or real products
If you have unexplained hand, face, or eyelid dermatitis, ask about patch testing for methylisothiazolinone and check labels of cosmetics, wet wipes, dish soap, and paint; in the pictured case, switching to an MI-free dishwashing soap and topical steroids cleared the eczema.
Weak evidence: Single illustrative case (Fig. 2) plus clinic-wide associations with occupation and hand eczema; not a controlled test of avoidance.
What you can do / Other evidence
If you live in a building with a perchloroethylene dry cleaner and smell solvent, report it to the city or state health department and ask for building air testing: in this New York study none of the minority, low-income dry-cleaner-building households sampled lived in a building that had ever been the subject of a complaint, versus nearly half of the higher-income ones.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Description of the study sample, not a population estimate; the advice is our, not the paper's recommendation; the authors' explanation (less recognition of the source) is speculation.
Source: Storm 2013, Environmental Research Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
In the industry model for one fragrance chemical (2-phenylethanol), the highest skin dose per area was under the arms (95th percentile about 5,258 micrograms per cm2, nearly all from deodorants), far above the neck (911) or lips (829).
Weak evidence: Illustrative only; authors cite dermal uptake of this chemical under 10%, so absorbed dose would be lower.
Source: Safford et al. 2015, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology Industry-funded Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If dermatitis does not clear after exposure to eye drops, antiseptics, wipes or hair, and skin products containing benzalkonium chloride or related 'ium chloride' ingredients, ask a dermatologist whether BAK was included in your patch testing and whether a use test of the product could confirm the cause.
Weak evidence: Derived from the authors' discussion and a very small cited example; patch-test positives to BAK may be irritant, so confirmation matters more than avoidance alone.
What you can do / Review of other studies
Professional wet cleaning (water-based, computer-controlled machines, mild biodegradable detergents) was rated the lowest-risk way to clean clothes in a 2016 review; in a California demonstration, seven shops that switched from perc kept 97% of customers with similar problem-garment rates.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Secondary review funded by Australian Wool Innovation (wool industry body); 'systematic' is a self-label with no study counts or appraisal; relies on agency, trade and manufacturer sources. The 'no identified health hazards' judgment rests on the 2000 California demonstration and agency/trade sources; the review itself found no later comparison studies, no measurements of residues of any non-perc cleaning agent, and says wet cleaning cannot handle every garment.
Source: Troynikov 2016, Journal of Environmental Management Industry-funded Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
In 64 patients with strong BAK reactions, the products containing BAK or related quaternary ammonium compounds were mostly rinse-off hair and skin products (61%: conditioners, shampoos, liquid soaps) and lotions and other leave-on products (39%).
Weak evidence: One clinic, no comparison group of non-reactors' products; exposure was 'BAK or potential cross-reactor', and cross-reactivity was assumed, not tested.
What you can do / Other evidence
If you have dermatitis on the hands, eyelids, or face that will not clear, bring every eye drop, antiseptic, sanitizer, wipe, and bath product to your dermatologist and ask whether benzalkonium chloride is in them and whether patch testing for it is worthwhile.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Practical advice drawn from a single clinic series; a positive BAK patch test can be an irritant reaction, so interpretation needs your exposure history. Do not stop prescribed drops without talking to your prescriber.
What you can do / Other evidence
One in five clinically relevant BAK allergy cases was a health care worker (four nurses, one surgeon, all with hand dermatitis), traced to hand sanitizer in three cases and disinfectant wipes in two.
Weak evidence: Five patients; no comparison of exposure in health care workers with non-workers in this dataset (the 7.5% vs 2.3% comparison is from a cited paper).
What you can do / Other evidence
If hand, face, or eyelid dermatitis persists with disinfectant wipes, antibacterial soap, hand sanitizer, or preserved eye drops, patch testing for quaternary ammonium compounds can identify the cause, and stopping the product improved symptoms in the reported cases.
Weak evidence: Case-report evidence; cross-reactivity patterns are described by the authors as not fully delineated.
Source: Okeke 2023, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Stacking several antiseptics on damaged skin raises the chance of a reaction; the reviewers advise avoiding simultaneous use of multiple antiseptics, wearing protective clothing and nitrile gloves when handling disinfectants, and patch testing with the patient's own products if dermatitis follows.
Weak evidence: Expert opinion in a narrative review, not tested in a trial.
Source: Lauriola 2025, Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If you have an unexplained eyelid or periorbital rash and use eye drops, tell your dermatologist the product names and ask about patch testing to BAK and about preservative-free alternatives.
Weak evidence: Do not stop prescribed glaucoma or steroid drops without talking to your prescriber; the 48-70% figure is relayed from cited papers.
Source: Kannen 2026, Australasian Journal of Dermatology Link to this fact
What you can do / Review of other studies
The report advises choosing products with no added fragrance, warns that 'fragrance free' products may still contain a masking fragrance, and suggests using fragrance less often.
Weak evidence: Advocacy advice, not tested; later our evidence on fragrance-free labels is mixed.
Source: Sarantis et al. 2010 (Not So Sexy, Canadian edition) Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Washing new clothing before first wear is a reasonable, untested precaution, because the Danish allergy centers said dye reactions occur mostly with new, unwashed clothes.
Weak evidence: The centers observed unwashed clothes in enquiries; no wash experiment or dye-loss measurement was done.
Source: Danish EPA 2014, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 129 Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Liquid homeopathic products for infants, young children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people deserve extra caution; check FDA recall and warning-letter pages for the brand and lot.
Weak evidence: Derived from one firm's violations; it does not show that other makers' products are contaminated.
Source: FDA warning letter to King Bio, 20 Mar 2019, FDA warning letter (20 March 2019) Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If you have migraine and notice odors bother you, mention it to a clinician: osmophobia is common in migraine and may help tell migraine from sinus problems, where smell loss rather than aversion is typical; a diary noting whether the odor aversion starts before the headache can help separate a trigger from an early warning sign.
Weak evidence: Authors' clinical opinion, not tested; the diary suggestion is our, not the paper's.
Source: Briggs et al. 2025, World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg, World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Single-use nitrile gloves resisted hair-dye penetration longest (180 minutes with PTDS, 60 minutes with PPD), better than latex or PVC, but heat, sweat and friction increase penetration and gloves must not be reused.
Weak evidence: Single cited source relayed in a review; breakthrough times are laboratory figures, not dermatitis outcomes.
What you can do / Other evidence
EWG's method scores cleaning products from publicly available information (the label, the manufacturer's website, and safety data sheets), so an unlisted ingredient such as a fragrance constituent cannot lower a grade.
Weak evidence: Inference, not a statement in the page. Fragrance is never mentioned; the claim holds only for what is absent from all three sources.
Source: Andrews, EWG, 2012 (web page) Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
EWG advised avoiding air fresheners (open windows or use fans), antibacterial products, fabric softener and dryer sheets (try vinegar in the rinse), and caustic drain and oven cleaners (use a snake, plunger, or baking soda paste).
Weak evidence: Advice from an advocacy group, not tested here; the air-freshener and softener asthma statements are unreferenced, and the antibacterial 'superbug' statement has no citation.
Source: EWG press release, Sept. 10, 2012, EWG press release (web page) Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
EWG holds GuideStar Platinum, Charity Navigator (four-star badge), Candid Platinum Transparency 2026 and 1% for the Planet status, per its own page.
Weak evidence: These rate nonprofit transparency and finances, not the accuracy of EWG's hazard scores.
Source: EWG Funding & Reports page, 2026, EWG website (web page) Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
EWG advises using up a high-scoring product that lacks high-hazard ingredients (single short-term use 'almost never causes an immediate problem'), not pouring it down the drain, and reporting reactions to a doctor, FDA MedWatch, and the manufacturer.
Weak evidence: Practical advice by an advocacy group; no source cited for the disposal or risk statements.
Source: EWG, Skin Deep FAQ (web page, accessed 2026-10-16), EWG web page (Skin Deep FAQ) Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
In EPA's 2006 ADBAC assessment the thinnest modeled home-use margins were dermal: wiping 76 and carpet spraying 72 against a target of 10.
Weak evidence: Modeled using irritation (not systemic) endpoint and surrogate unit exposures; no gloves assumed.
Source: EPA RED 2006 Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If a leave-on hair or face product containing cetrimonium, steartrimonium or behentrimonium chloride stings or reddens your skin, or a rinse-off one gets in your eyes, rinse promptly and stop using it; these ingredients irritate skin and eyes at high strength.
Weak evidence: Precautionary advice extrapolated from concentrate tests; finished products at 0.5-5% were minimal or non-irritating in most human patch tests.
Source: SCCP 2006 Industry-funded Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
The EU safety opinion on conditioner quats found no aquatic or environmental assessment in the industry dossier: it is a human-health document only.
Weak evidence: Absence of a section in this opinion says nothing about the chemicals' environmental behavior.
Source: SCCS 2009 trimoniums, SCCS opinion (PDF) Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Someone allergic to benzalkonium chloride and reacting to a conditioner or moisturizer might check labels for cetrimonium, steartrimonium and behentrimonium ingredients as possible irritants, and ask a dermatologist about patch testing them.
Weak evidence: No study tests cross-reactivity; the CIR packet is neutral on it and its human tests were negative. Presented as a cautious label-reading step, not as evidence of harm.
Source: CIR 2010 trimoniums (draft) Industry-funded Link to this fact
What you can do / Self-reported survey
Hand eczema in these apprentices appeared within the first traineeship, which the authors take as support for starting skin-protection programs during vocational training rather than at hiring.
Weak evidence: Authors' recommendation inferred from observational data; no intervention was tested.
Source: Visser et al. 2014, Contact Dermatitis, Contact Dermatitis Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
Liquid carbon dioxide was the only non-water process the county gave green on both health and environment, because it vaporizes on release and the gas is reported to be an industrial by-product.
Weak evidence: Qualitative; no measurements of the cleaning detergents the CO2 process requires or of air emissions; the by-product claim is from Cal EPA and TURI, not verified here.
Source: SCDHS 2018 Link to this fact
What you can do / Measured in people or real products
In 21 patients whose hydroperoxide allergy was judged certainly relevant, the products blamed were mostly rinse-off products such as soap and shampoo (15 of 21), then leave-on cosmetics and creams (9 of 21), plus detergents, deodorants and perfumes.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Small subgroup from one clinic; product type is the patient's and dermatologist's identification of products containing limonene or linalool on the label, not confirmed hydroperoxide content.
Source: Dittmar & Schuttelaar 2019, Contact Dermatitis Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
In a lab model, perfume ingredients rubbed from one cotton swatch onto a clean one in as little as 10 seconds, and were still transferring when the perfume had dried on the first fabric for 48 hours.
Weak evidence.
Caveats
Six pure compounds at about 50 times below typical perfume strength, cotton to cotton, crockmeter rubbing under a 9 N load, n = 3; one 48 h sample; forensic bench study, not a health or exposure study.
What you can do / Other evidence
In a lab test, geraniol and eugenol (rose- and clove-type fragrance chemicals) were found on a cotton cloth about 4-5 times lower after 8 hours than after 1 hour, with a small amount still detectable weeks later.
Weak evidence: One lab, a spiked mix of six pure standards (not a perfume), cotton to cotton, n = 3 per time point; fabric concentrations, not exposure.
What you can do / Other evidence
Keeping fragrance-transferred cotton in a freezer or fridge preserved much more of the lighter fragrance compounds than leaving it at room temperature; for example geraniol at 1 hour was about 675 µM/g frozen, 429 chilled and 182 at room temperature.
Weak evidence: Forensic storage question, cotton only, n = 3, different time grids per temperature; the odd rise of limonene over 10 days in the freezer is unexplained.
What you can do / Other evidence
A positive skin test to sulfites does not automatically mean giving up sulfite-containing food; dermatologists say that is usually unnecessary unless there is lip inflammation or a systemic pattern, while people with immediate reactions (hives, swelling, anaphylaxis) should avoid sulfite foods and carry epinephrine.
Weak evidence: Expert opinion in a narrative review, not trial data; individual advice belongs with a clinician.
Source: Choi 2024, Cutis Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
In this randomized trial, regular sunscreen use did not lead people to spend more time in the sun: the authors report that no changes in outdoor behavior were observed during follow-up (self-reported, no figures given).
Weak evidence: Self-reported behavior; the paper gives no numbers in this report (the 2011 follow-up reports hours).
Source: Green 1999, The Lancet Industry-funded Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
The 1985 NACDG authors advised that fragrance dermatitis can be avoided by using only products made without fragrance, because fragrance cannot be avoided by reading ingredient labels.
Weak evidence: Expert opinion in a 1985 clinical series; no test of the advice; fragrance-free labeling definitions have since been contested.
Source: Adams & Maibach 1985, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology Link to this fact
What you can do / Other evidence
If you react to one specific brand but not to similar products, the case report's allergists suggest asking the maker for the full recipe and testing with the actual ingredient, because avoiding only that brand could leave you exposed to the same spice in other foods.
Weak evidence: Expert opinion drawn from one case; testing for spices is hard because reliable commercial extracts are lacking.
What you can do / Other evidence
In one small lab test, 50 grams of baking soda spread at the bottom of a bucket per kilogram of food waste cut the odor measured by a six-person sniff panel by about 70% after a week at about 30 C (about 630 vs 2,100 odor units per cubic meter).
Weak evidence: Preliminary study with no replicates, no statistics and one food-waste mix; it shows food-bin odor only, not odors in general.
Source: Qamaruz-Zaman 2015, Waste Management Link to this fact
Information, not medical advice. See also: myths we won’t tell you.